Telegraph transmitter



011.13, 1936. M, P m v 1 2,057,111

TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Original Filed Dec. 20, 1933 3 Sheets-Sheet 1INVENTQR 100/5 M. P0775 BVW ATTORN Y Oct. 13, 1936. L. M. POTTSTELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Original Filed Dec. 20, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 wi W 1.

u 0 b 3. 2 n t INVENTOR LOU/.5 M. P0775 BY ATTORN Y m w P apnea- A-ra.

Patented Oct. 13, 1936 UNITED STATES TELEGRAPH TRANSMITTER Louis M.Potts, Evanston, BL, assignor to Teletype Corporation, Chicago, 11]., acorporation of Delaware Application December 20, 1933, Serial No.703,219

Renewed August 1'], 19 35 57 Claims. (Cl. 178-47) This invention relatesin general to telegraph systems and apparatus and more particularly totape controlled transmitting devices and tape:

forming receiving devices and methods for oper- 5 ating such devices.

Systems comprising telegraph codes having uniform numbers of unitimpulses are widely employed for the control and operation of varioustelegraph apparatus such as printers, keyboard mechanisms, and the like.

terns are generally employed and are known as the fiveand the six-unitcodes, each of which is specifically used where its basic permutationpossibilities more nearly approximate in number the number of frequentlyused selective requirements or a particular apparatus. The five-unitcode affords thirty-two basic permutative possibilities while thesix-unit code affords sixty-four, each unit number constituting theexponent of a power of two in calculating its total number ofpermutative possibilities, two being the number of electrical conditionspermitted for each impulse.

Where a larger number of selective requirements are needed in the use ofeither code, a shift operation may be introduced which conditionsreceiving apparatus to be responsive to two code signals jointly andtherefore variously responsive to similar basic code signals asdetermined by a first or shift signal. An example of this practice isthe standard five-unit telegraph printer where the selectiverequirements exceed the thirty-two basic selective possibilitiesafforded by the fiveunit code and where shift and unshift code signalsare employed for increasing the selective possibilities bypreconditioning the receiving mechanism to be responsive in one mannerto a given code signal which follows a shift signal and in anothermanner to the same-code signal when following an unshift signal. In thisway the available basic signaling possibilities are reduced fromthirty-two to thirty in number, but by employing two codes for shift andunshift purposes, the thirty remaining active or character codes may bemade to eflect response in sixty diiferent results. 7 t Another methodof increasing the functional possibilities of the five-unit code inexcess of the or unshift, thus converting the five-unit system into asix-unit system.

The use of either of these two methods or practices for effecting ashift operation is equally feas- Two such code sysible with any othercode unit as well as the fiveor six-unit codes which, as mentionedabove,

have come to be generally recognized. The shift operationy'whetheraccomplished in one manner or another, constitutes a method oftransmission 5 for increasing the functional possibilities of a codesystem beyond that which is afiorded by the basic permutation of thesmaller code.

Another important aspect of this invention is its utility in connectionwith a keyboard perforal0 tor such as is shown in United States PatentNo. 1,884,807, issued to Sterling Morton, wherein the arrangement of thekey levers corresponds to that of the standard typewriter keyboard. Thisdevice is adapted to prepare a six-hole tape as is 15 illustrated inFig. 6 of that patent, and which is suitable for use with a tapetransmitter embodying the present invention and differing from thespecies illustrated in the accompanying drawings only by its beingadapted for a six-unit tape con- 20 trol instead of the seven-unit tapeherein disclosed. By means of such a combination, it is possible for anoperator who is accustomed to the standard typewriter keyboard toprepare a sixunit control tape that may be used in transmit- 25 tingfive-unit line signals, thereby utilizing the training and skill of astandard typewriter operator in'the preparation of the tape, while atthe same time employing a telegraph line more efiiciently. Economy inthe use of a telegraph line 30 in connection with a five-unit system asdistinguished from a six-unit system is dependent to a great extent uponthe subject matter of the communication, being greatest where, from thecharacter of the subject matter, the fewest num- 35 her of shift andunshift signals are used. Either five-unit or six-unit adaptation mayhave particular enhancement in certain private ofiices employingstandard typewriters and employing also telegraph communicationapparatus, by per- 40 mitting the same operator to use both types ofdevices by becoming accustomed tobut one established type'of keyboard.

Where two classes or systems of codes are employed, the presentinvention contemplates the 45 cile the use of a control adapted to oneclass of shift practice to mechanism that is inherently adapted to theother class. Accordingly, one ob- 5o ject of the present invention is toprovide means for receiving signals of a code-shift system ofcommunication and preparing an impulse-shift perforated tape undercontrol thereof, as well as for employing standard impulse-shiftperforat- 55 control unit therefor, but that such a code 'systemdecreasesthe line signaling time consider-* ably. This being true, it isdesirable to be able to use seven-unit codes for local operating andtransmitting control purposeswhile utilizing a six-unit code system forline signaling. To accomplish this purpose, the present inventionproposes a system for converting a seven-unit impulse-shift systemrecorded in a transmitting tape to six-unit line signaling with shiftand unshift codes, and far subsequently reconverting at a receivingstation the aforesaid line signaling to a seven-unit code condition.

The present invention will be described particularly with regard to amethod and apparatus for accomplishing the last-mentioned purpose,reference being had to a companion application Serial No. 703,220, filedDec. 20, 1933, wherein are disclosed and claimed features relating tothe reperforator apparatus disclosed herein.

In describing the method and mechanism of the present invention, asix-unit transmitting device has been arbitrarily chosen as an example,having incorporated therein certain features for practicing the presentinvention.- The basic permutation possibilities afforded by the sixunitsystem are sixty-four, but with the use of shift and unshiftpreconditioning codes, this may be made to serve one hundred twenty-fourfunctions.

At a transmitting station, av tape controlled mechanism is employedhaving six aligned tape sensing pins and an additional pin for sensingshift indicating perforations. preferably disposed to sense a shiftcondition in the tape one step in advance of the alignment of the sixprincipal or basic code sensing pins. A shift-code of six impulsescontrols a, preconditioning mechanism for a seventh lever or pin at areceiving station, and subsequent character codes of six impulses may beassociated with the said preconditioning mechanism of the preceding,shift code in the manner herein described, permitting six receivingapparatus levers or pins to be set in alignment with the preconditionedseventh. lever or pin, thus modifying the subsequent character code. Itwould be equally feasible to have the transmitting apparatus six feelerlevers set in alignment with their seventh lever, but in keeping withsuch a system, the receiving or reperforating apparatus would have to bearranged with its seventh impulse perforating element operative upon thetape at a,transverse line one step in advance of the character codewhich it modifies. For this reason it; will be understood that therelative arrangement of the preconditioning signal with respect to anycharacter signal is largely a matter of choice and is merely incidentalin the present disglosure,

When transmitting sixunit signals under control of a seven-unit tape,the advance pin or feeler anticipates the shift condition of thesucceeding signal, and in accordance with the presease or absence of ahole in its particular path,

accordingly establishes one of two aternative succeeding conditions. Ifa perforation, being present or absent in its path, differs thereby fromthe previously established shift condition, the advance pin sets intomotion an auxiliary shaft,

referred to hereinafter as the shift-code-shaft which may be arrested ineither of two positions.

When stopped in one of its positions, a shiftcode combination of signalimpulses is established for communicationto corresponding segments of atransmittingdistributor, while when arrested in an alternative position,an unshiftcode signal combination is similarly established.

Following any" change froma previous condition sensed by the advancedpin, the normal operation of the transmitting mechanism is suspended forone code interval, during which time one or the other of theaforementioned prepared conditions is rendered communicativewiththetransmitting distributor. The suspension of the normal transmittingoperation consists briefly in the locking of the sensing pins in theirnonsensing condition until the particular shift or unshii't signal isinserted in its proper place in the transmission of the message.

For a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention,reference is had to the accompanying drawings and to the followingspecification in which similar reference. characters designatecorresponding parts throughout.

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a transmitting device embodying thefeatures of the present invention and having certain portions brokenaway or eliminated for the sake of clearness;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of essential parts of apparatusillustrated in Fig. 1', showing their electrical relationship andillustrating certain minor operating levers slightly modified orgraphically distorted in proportion or arrange ment so as to be morecomprehensive in a. dismembered diagrammatic view; 7

Figs. 3 and 4 show alternative operating relations of certain of theparts shown in normal relation in Fig. 2; i

' Figs. 5 to '7 are diagrammatic views of parts of the shift-code-shaftapparatusillustrated in Fig. 2, showing several conditions of operationwhich occur successively during one shift-cycle;

arrangement similar to the one from which they originated;

of perforated tape illustrating the relative location of the sixcharacter perforations and the added seventh perforation, and

Fig. 11 is a detail view of certain of the selective members in thereperforator mechanism shown in Fig. 9.

Referring to Fig. ,1, a segmented distributor head, indicated by thegeneral reference character H in Figs. 1 and 2, is provided with eightsegments, six of which are character-signal segments severallyidentified by numerals 0 to 5, while the remaining two are theconventional stop and start segments and are arranged similar to thestandard six-unit start-stop sequence. A distributor shaft l2 carries abrush arm l3 which supports a pair of brushes I4 that connect the 7wheel I20 through a'friction clutch I30, Figl 1, and is restrained instart-stop manner by a stop cam I40 and a stop arm I50 controlled by amagnet I60, the arm l50 operating to release shaft I2 when magnet I60 isenergized. Shaft I2 carries cam 59 and cam 62 and is geared by wheels SIand friction clutch 52 to a shift-code-shaft i which tends, at alltimes, to turn in the direction of the arrow shown on clutch 52, butwhich is restrained by one or the other of two escapements 5354, andl94'l. Shaft 5| carries a cam 31 for operating a mechanical arm 65 andtwo cams 55, 56 foroperating electrical switches 58 and 30.

Cam 62 on shaft I2 controls a tape sensing mechanism comprising sixfeeler arms 36 and an additional feeler arm :33, all cyclicallywithdrawn by feeler ball 24 which in turn is operated by lever 84controlled by cam 62 when the lever 64 is not locked by arm 65 which iscontrolled by cam 51?. Feeler 43 controls transfer member #34, and camt2 through an armt3 controls transfer member 46. The two transfermembers 44 and 46 cooperate to actuate a pallet 47 of escapment 49-41,and cam 59 actuates pallet 54 of escapement 53-5d, the two palletsjointlycontrolling shaft 5i.

Each of the six numbered segments in commutator ii, Fig. 2, iselectrically connected to a corresponding one of a set of electricalcontacts ii! on feeler levers I6 (so called because they are providedwith feeler pins Ill), the several of which are arranged in a transversealignment across the path traveled by a strip of record bear!- ingmaterial i8. The resilient spring contacts I9, move between a pair ofoppositely presented contact points 2| and 22.

The perforated strip of record bearing material 48 is fed leftwardly, asindicated in Figs. 1 and 2,

by a pawl and ratchetactuated feed wheel 23 in a step-by-step manner.The several feeler levers I6 are periodically reciprocated by a ball 24in cooperation with individual springs (not shown), alternatelypresenting and withdrawing their pins I? from engagement with strip I8.Bail 24 rotates about the pivot 21 and describes a periodic reciprocalmovement, and in so doing also actuates a feed pawl 26 which advancesthe tape I8.

Perforations in the tape l8 occur in regular transverse rows, havingvarious numbers of perforations which are variously distributed in eachrow. When a transverse ,row of perforations is presented opposite thealignment of pins II, the absence of a perforation prevents itsassociated lever l6 from rotating beyond that point at which it engagesthe tape,-but when a perforation is presented opposite any pin H, thepin is per- .mitted to enter such perforation and the assoabsence of aperforation as a spacing condition.

In this sense then, those feeler levers I6 which encounter a markingcondition continue to roforation ahead of the ones which are alignedover tate until their spring contacts I9 touch the lowermost contactpoints 42, while those which encounter a spacing condition fail totravel this distance and remain with their contact springs 59 inengagement with the upper contact points 5. 2|. upper contact points'2Iare connected'over various circuits to positive or spacing potential asfollows: Contact 2| of 0 position feeler lever com municates over wire28 to positive terminalof battery 29, while the corresponding contactsof positions 1, 2, 4, and 5, communicate over wire 32 and a contacttongue 33, which forms part of a double contact switch 30 and which,during normal condition of this switch, is in communica- 'tion with itsupper associated contact 34, with positive pole of battery 29 over line35. The 3 position vupper contact point 2i communicates over anindividual line 36 with the tongue 31 of another switch 58, which duringnormal condition, is in communication with its upper associated contact38, and thus contact 2! of 3 position is in communication with thebattery 29 at its positive pole. The lower contact points 22, eachcommunicate over a common wire ll, receiving negative or markingpotential from the corresponding terminal of a battery d2.

The foregoing aspect prevails during normal operating conditions asdistinguished from the twov special conditions, to be presentlydescribed, during which the signals of the shift and unshift codes aretransmitted and also during which the tape sensing operation ismomentarily suspended.

Since then, positive potential exists at the upper contacts 2i andnegative at the lower ones 22, the fluctuation of the feeler levers Itin accordance with the presence or absence of perforations in anyparticular transverse alignment or code transmits similar electricalconditions to associated segments of the transmitting dis-- tributor Ii, for sending out upon the line grouped current impulses similar inpermutative arrangement to the perforations in the tape I8.

'A seventh feeler lever 43, having its pin disposed one step distance inadvance of the feeler pins I! of the levers I6, operates concurrentlywith v such other levers, but through its advanced position senses thecondition of a transverse perthe pins II of the several levers l6. Solong as successive code combinations are similar as to, the seventhposition, the mechanism which is controlled by the advance lever 43remains dormant, but upon the occurrence of a code signal differing fromits preceding signal with respect to this seventh position, a changecondition is esi tablished which results in the interjection of aspecial line code.

Feeler lever 43 has three positions, and in accordance therewith, itstransfer lever 44 also has three positions. First or normal position isshown in Fig. 2, with feeler arm 43 withdrawn to its. maximum extent bybail 24, and the pin below and away from tape I8, transfer lever 44rotated into counterclockwise, position, and abutments 44A, 46A, 44B,463, all out of alignment, so that operation of arm ,63 by cam 62 wouldmove transfer lever 46 but there would be no engagement between transferlever 43 and transfer lever 44. This first or normal position is shownin Fig. 1

also.

Second or middle position is shown in Fig. 3, with feeler arm 43released by bail 24 and rotated to its middle position by its spring(not shown),

Under normal condition of operation, all.

' 44A to engage and move transfer lever 46 (which has but two angularpositions) into its counterclockwise position, and rotate pallet 41 intoits position shown in Fig. 2.

Third or farthest position is shown in Fig. 4, with the feeler pin oflever 43 protruding through a shift hole in tape l8, transfer lever 44rotated into clockwise position by control of lever 43, and

abutments 44B and 463 in alignment, so that operation of arm63 by cam 62would move transfer lever 46 to cause abutments 44B and 463 to engage,thereby rotating transfer lever 46 into its clockwise position, androtating pallet 41 into its position shown in Figs. 5 and 6.

Supposing that there occurs a succession of unshift code combinations ofperforations having no seventh hole, the feeler lever 43 continues tosense the absence of this perforation, and during successive cycles ofoperation, maintainsits yokeshaped transfer lever 44 in the positionindicated in Fig. 3. The pallet 41 is held against accidentaldisplacement by detent spring 48. In its preferred embodiment as shownin Fig. 1, transfer lever 44 and lever 43 are separate members, lever 44being supported upon a fixed pivot-transverse to the pivot upon whichthe transfer lever 46 is pivoted. As a result of this construction thetransfer projections of lever 44, which are preferably of sheet metal orotherwise of thin cross section, are selectively presentable into theplane in which they may engage the associated lugs of lever 46, orare'moved but slightly to be drawn out of the plane of lever 46 and beadequately clear therefrom. This permits of a positive shift operationon the part of lever 44 through but a small angular movement thereof.

' The movement of pallet 41 from either of its positions to the otherreleases a scape wheel 49 carried by shaft 5| and undercertain-circumstances permits the shaft to be rotated '23, shortdistance by its friction drive,clutch,52, Fig. 1. Shaft 5|, when freedby pallet" and scape 49, will not be totally unrestrained, however, foranother scape' 53, having a cam-controlled pallet 54, also determinesthe freedom of rotation thereof.

Shaft 5| referred to as the shift-code-shaft above, carries threeoperating cams 55, 56, and 51. In an effort to make the operation of themechanism more readily comprehensible in the accompanying drawings, thevarious cams and wheels carried by shaft 5| have been marked byangularly aligned dots 50. 'By means of these markings, it is thought,the progress of each memher with respect to'its associated members maybe more easily followed. Cam 55 is provided with two apicesdiametrically opposed and operative ly engaging the center tongue 31 ofswitch 56. Cam 56 has four apices, two of which correspond in angularoperating positions with the apices of cam 55, while the other two'arelocated intermediate the first mentioned apices so as to constitute agenerally quadrilateral contour. Cam 51 may be similar in shape to cam56, but has its operating positions disposed at angles thereto, so thatits apices operate angularly intermediate the apices of cam 56. Theteeth of scape 49 are four in number, while the teeth of scape 53 areeight in number, four of which correspond to the stop positions of scape49. Cam 59 on shaft |2 controls pallet 54, which governs the scape 53.Another cam 62, also carried by shaft l2, actuates two levers, one ofwhich, indicated by the referencenumeral 63, controls the transfer lever46 and in cooperation with spring 45 reciprocates the latter forcommunicating the signaling condition of the advance feeler lever 43through 44 and 46 to the pallet 41, and the other lever, indicated bythe reference numeral 64, reciprocates the feeler lever bail 24 forperiodically permitting the feeler levers I6 to sense the condition ofa'transverse row of perforations in the tape l8.

The third cam 51, carried upon shaft 5|, actuates a locking lever 65 andin accordance with the latters position, permits or prevents thereciprocation of lever 64 and consequently of feeler bail 24, it beingnoted that lever 64 is advanced by the positive action of cam 62 but iswithdrawn by the resilient action' of an associated spring 66.

Figs. 2 to '7 illustrate various conditions of the I transmittingmechanism. while transmitting the signals which are illustrated by theperforations in the fragment of tapeshown'in Fig, 10. The six standardcode impulses are designated -0, l, 2, 3, 4, and 5 arbitrarily, whilethe seventh or shift impulse position is designated by the numeral 7.

mission not only of the four character codes in v the form of six unitseach, but also of the shift code of six units for effecting thecapitalization I} of the A and the unshift code of six units forrestoring the unshift or lower case condition of the r for the foregoingrecited purposes or in order that a receiving mechanism adapted to thecode-shift method of preconditioning may be properly responsive.

In the course of the following description, a condition of the apparatusfollowing an unshift code of signals during which the standard codes ofcharacter signals are transmitted shall be referred to as the normalcondition, while the condition following a shift code of signals shallbe referred to as a shift or shifted condition. The sensing of changebetween normal and shift conditions causes the transmitting mechanism toeffect a momentary suspension of tape sensing operations during 'thetransition from one condition to the other only, but when eithercondition is once established, communication thereunder proceeds quitenormally in accordance with the standard perforations in thetransmitting tape. Thus, in Fig 2 the mechanism is illustrated in normalcondition, the advance feeler lever 43, having last encountered noperforation inthe seventh position, and shaft 5| remaining quiescent,since the cooperating transfer lever 46 has not been operated again. Themechanism is shown stopped by an open switch 66. While-the presence. ofa perforation in the extra (in this case the seventh) tery 42'over line4| communicates with each of 75 the lower contacts 22, while positivepotential from battery 29 communicates over lines 28, 32, 35, and 36with the upper contacts 2|, thus maintaining a condition whereby thestandard feeler levers I6, in accordance with their respectivepositions, are capable of introducing positive or negative potential tothe severalsegments 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and that in accordance with thepermutations of these electrical conditions, corresponding signals maybe sent forth upon line III as distributor arm l3 and brushes l4 sweepover the several segments during clockwise rotation of shaft 52.

The operation of transmission is as follows: The tape shown in Fig. 10having been presented over the feelers I! in position for transmissionof space, the transmitter shown normally in resting .position in Fig. 2now is started by closing a manual switch 66 which energizes magnet I66and releases brush arm l3, permitting shaft l2 to start,

carrying brushes l4 and cams 59 and 62.

When arm |3 and shaft |2 are at normal or rest position, as shown, orare in operation and are passing that position between successive cyclesof rotation, which position will be designated the zero position ofshaft I2, and when a character code of unshift nature is to betransmitted, then shift-code-shaft 5| also will be in its zero position,as shown in Fig. 2 and as identified by the vertical alignment of dots56. In this condition, with shaft l2 at zero and shaft 5| at zero, shaft5| is held against the urge of its friction driving clutch 52 byengagement of a tooth of scape 49 with blocking pawl 68 of pallet 41. Asucceeding tooth ofs'cape wheel 53 is near hook pawl 12 of pallet 54 butcannot at this time engage it by a few degrees, so that when blockingpawl 1| of pallet- 54 is moved into the path of the teeth of scape 53 aspresently will occur, it will not affect scape wheel 53, but will merelytakea position in front of a tooth thereof so that a small angularmovement of scape 53 will be permitted before engagement. Shaft 5|therefore is instantly freed from control of pallet 54, and is placedunder control of pallet 41 which is operable only through transferlevers 46 and 44, under control of seventh feeler or shift feeler 43 andby power and timing control from cam 62 on shaft i2.

When shaft |2 has rotated about 45 degrees,

distributor arm |3 approaches segment, 0; cams 62 and 59 have releasedarm 64 and pallet 54 for spring operation, arm 64 has released bail 24for spring operation, which in turn has released all feelers l6 forspring operation, of which the feeler in 3 position is responsive to theinstant code perforation for space and has permitted its contact arm|9-to engage its electrical contact 22. Feeler 43, sensing the shiftperforation of the following code for A, has permitted its transferlever 44 to assume a position such as the one indicated in Fig. 4 sothat the right-hand abutment 44B of transfer lever 44 is in alignmentwith the righthand abutment 46B of the associated transfer lever 45. Allsegments 0 to 5 of distributor l now are potentially prepared for thetransmission of a space code signal to line l6, and such transmissionproceeds as shaft |2 rotates farther. Meanwhile pallet 54 has withdrawnhook pawl I2 and now presents blocking pawl H to scape wheel 53.

When, thereafter, shaft l2 has rotated about 150 degrees, cam 62operates arm 63 to move transfer lever 46. into engagement with transferlever 44 at their right-hand abutments, 44B, 463, thus rocking transferlever 46 and operating pallet 41 into its alternative position as shownin Fig. 5. Blocking pawl 68 has released the engaged tooth of scape 49and shaft 5| has rotated through a small distance and now is held byengagement of a tooth of scape 53 with blocking pawl H of pallet 54.Cams 55 and 56 have also moved slightly but not enough to change either5 switch 58 or 36. Hook pawl 69 of pallet 43 rests upon the top of thefirst or spot tooth of scape 49 and is pressed against the scape-49 bytension of decentering 'detent spring 46. Cam 62 now re; leases arm 63.The next cam action-occurs when 16 cam 59 engages 'roller l6. When shaftl2 has rotated through about 315 degrees, the signal transmission forthe coda signal of space will be near conclusion after which theelectrical potentials set upon segments 0 to 5 5 may be withdrawn orchanged. At this time, cam 59 has engaged roller I8 and has operatedpallet" 54 until blocking pawl 1| releases scape 53 and shaft 5| starts,turning now through about 45 degrees at the speed of shaft, I2 so thatshaft 5| 20 travels about 45 degrees while shaft |2 reaches 360 degreesor zero position. Shaft 5| willbe pawl 26 to step tape l8, thuspositioning the perforated record for signal A, Fig. 10, over thefeelers l1, Fig. 2.

When shaft |2 has completed its cycle for space and is passing its zeroposition to begin its cycle for transmitting the shift code, theconditions are as follows: Cam l2 when passing zero holds arm, 64 atnormal which holds bail 24 at normal which holds all feeler arms l6 atnormal with all feeler pins down and all contact springs IS inengagement with contacts 2|, of which, contact of segment 0 is connectedto. spacing battery 26 over wire 28, contact of segment 3 is connectedto spacing battery '29 over wire 36 and unoperated switch 56, andcontacts of segments 1, 2, 4; 5 are connected over wire 32 and operatedswitch 36 to marking battery 42, thus setting up electrical potentialsupon segments 0 to 5 for the code forshifti. Arm 64 and feeler bail'24also hold feeler arm 43 at normal which in turn holds transfer lever 44in counterclockwise or first position as shown in Fig. 2.. Cam 5'!permits arm 65 to engage arm 16, thus locking the arm 64 and preventingmovement of feelers ll, or of transfer 55 lever 44 until after arm 16has been unlocked. When shaft I2 has rotated 45 degrees in the shifsignal transmission cycle, cam 62 has moved away from roller I? but arm64 has not operated, being locked at 15. Cam 53 has operated pallet54,'withdrawinghook pawl I2 and introducing blocking pawl 1 i into theteeth of scape 53, permitting shaft SE to move through a small angulardistance without changing switch 36. Commutator H is transmitting thestarting impulse, and continues with the signals of the shift code. 1 r

When shaft i2 is passing 150 degrees, cam 62 will operate arm 63 buttransfer lever 46 will not be rotated since transfer lever '44 is in itsfirst or normal position as shown in Fig. 2 and all code of shift willbe at or near an end and the electrical potentials set upon segments tomay be withdrawn or changed. At this time, cam 59 has engaged roller 18and has operated pallet 54 until blockingpawl 1| releases scape, 53 andshaft 5 5| starts; turning now at the speed of shaft |2 so that shaft 5|reaches 90 degrees at the same time that shaft |2 reaches 360 degrees orzero position. Shaft 5| will be stopped at 90 degrees by engagement ofscape 49 with hook pawl 69, and

all parts shown in Fig. 6 including switches 58 and 3|! will be now intheir positions as shown in Fig. 6 with shaft 5| at 90 degrees asindicated by dots 50. The final action of cam 62 in the shiftcode cycleis to pass under roller'll/ to support 5 arm 54 against operation by itsspring 56 at the moment that it is unlocked by arm 65 when arm 65 isoperated back to normal by cam 51. Arm 64 has-not been operated in theshift-code cycle, tape |8 has not been stepped in that cycle, and

the record for A in the tape 8 remains aligned with feelers Shaft i2 andarm l3 continue in rotation and i start upon the cycle of transmissionfor the character A, with the conditions shown in Fig. 2 modifled inpositions as indicated in Fig. 6. When I! for spring operation, feelersll in l and 2 positions have operated their contacts IS responsively tothe instant code perforation for A, and feeler 43 sensing now the shiftor unshift record of the forthcoming code record for the character 1',

Fig. 10, has engaged tape i8 because of the absence of a record-hole inthat position, and has rotated to its middle position and has stopped.

there with feeler 43 stopped by tape l8 as shown in Fig. 3. Transferlever 44 has been rotated by lever 43 into its middle position so thatleft-hand abutment 44A is in alignment with lefthand abutment 46A oftransfer lever 45. Transmission of signals for A upon line Ill proceedsas shaft |2- rotates farther.

ments 46A, 44A, thus rocking transfer lever 46 counterclockwiseand-operating pallet 41 into its 50 initial position as shown in Figs. 2and '7. Hook pawl releases scape 49 and shaft 5| rotates a few degreesand causes scape 53 to engage pawl 1|, thus stopping shaft 5| at about90 degrees. I

' When shaft |2 passes 315 degrees, cam 59 operates pallet 54 to releasescape 53 and shaft 5| starts, turning now for 43 degrees and reaching135 degrees when shaft l2 reaches zero position.

Shaft 5| will be stopped by engagement of scape 53 with hook pawl 12,cam 51 will have operated 60 arm into locking position, andall partsshown in Fig. '7, including switches 58 and 30, will be now in theirpositions as shown in Fig. 7, with shaft 5| at about I35 degrees asindicated by dots 50. The final effect of cam 62 is to cause arm 16 65to pass 'to'locked position with relation to the tooth of arm- 65 and tostop tape l8, thus positioning the perforated record for r, Fig.10,-over feelers l1, Fig. 2.

Because the last code transmitted was A and the next code to betransmitted is r, it isr'equired to transmit unshift code to line Ill.The conditions have been setup for .an unshift-code cycle. Cam l2 whenpassing zero position holds all contact springs l9 in engagement withcon- 1 tacts 2|, of which contact of segment i) is con- When shaft 2completes about degrees, cam 62 operates arm 63 to cause transfer lever46 to engage transfer lever 44 at left-hand abutmined signal.

nected to spacing battery. 29 over wire 28, contact of segment 3 isconnected over wire 36 and through operated switch 58 to marking battery42, and contacts of segments 1, 2, 4, 5 are connected over wire 32 andoperated switch 30 to marking battery 42, thus setting up electricalpotentials upon segments 0 to 5 for the code for unshift. Feeler arm 43is held at normal by locking arm 65 through arm 16 and bail 24, which inturn holds transfer lever 44 in first or normal position as shown inFig. 2 with no abutments in alignment.

Transmission of "unshift follows in manner similar to transmission ofshift as described above, with the exceptions that the signal fromsegment 3 is marking and that code-shift shaft 5| advances from 135degrees to degrees, which is a normalposition, and all parts shown inFig.2 are in the positions shown in Fig. 2.

In the next cycle of shaft |2, transmission follows for 1- in manner asfor A with the exception that feeler 43 finds no record hole in tape |8and accordingly transfer lever 44 is rotated to middle position, but noaction results by transfer lever 46 and pallet 41 so long as an unshift"or no hole record condition is sensed by feeler 43 in tape I8.

Particular attention is again directed to the simplified operation ofthe described apparatus in that so long as either normal or shiftedcondition prevails, the transmitting mechanism may continue to functionas an ordinary transmitter may be expected to do, no time being lost fordetermining the succeeding transmission processes, but accomplishingthese objects during the same time and in collaboration with theincidental transmission functions. Also, that when the standard signaltransmission is suspended forthe interjection of a shift or unshiftsignal, only so much time is occupied thereby as is inherently requiredby such interjected signals. Thus the time occupied in accomplishing theconversion from one system of triansmission to the other does not exceedthat by which the incidents of the latter system inherently differ fromthat of the former.

Certain optional practices have been illus- 1 trated and explained inconnection with the foregoing description such as the degrees ofrotation of shaft 5| f0? effecting each shift condition, and theshapesof cams 55; 56, and 51, as well as the connection of the uppercontacts with switches 58 and 30 so as to transmit a certainpredeterother signal maybe similarly arranged for trans-- mission if.desired, thus the essentials of the present invention are morefar'reaching than might be understood from the mere contemplation of theshift and unshift signal accommodations and may include the transmissionof other or additional signals under similar or related conditions.

Reperforator It is considered obvious that any v remote station whoseapparatus may 'l'ie1:esponsive solely to'an added perforationtape toreconvert the signals accordingly. For this purpose the mechanismillustrated in Fig. 9 anddisclosed in the copending application,referred to above may be employed.

The'incoming signals being received over line I9 are impressed upon thewindings of a polar magnet BI which controls the setting of a meanalignment of notches 92 to receive either of chanical distributor andstorage device. The armature 82 of magnet 8i, reciprocating inaccordance with the electrical conditions impressed upon the windings,alternatively blocks and clears the path of a flutter lever 83, whichcorrespondingly shifts a selector cam barrel 84 longitudinally. A seriesof card projections 85, arranged in a spiral progression upon cam-barrel 86, set selectively a series of storage elements 86 inaccordance with received signal impulses. The corn dition of the severalstorage elements 86 is then simultaneously transferred through themedium of a set of transfer levers 81 to-a similar set of reciprocatinglevers 88 to which are connected a set of interposition bars 89. Thoseelements 86 which are set in accordance with a marking impulse cause thepresentment of their associated bars 89 in their advanced position so asto underlie associated punches 9|, while those of the elements 86 whichare impressed with a spacing signal withdraw their bars89 so as to clearthe punches 9i. a

When a shift or unshift code of signals is. received, levers .88 arepositioned so as to'aiford the two responsive bails 93 and 94. The bail93 responds to, the shift code, and upon its operation rocks lever 95counterclockwise and moves lever 96 forward so as to presentinterposition bar 91 in its effective position, while the bail 94 uponits operation, causesits arm 949 to engagethe arm 959 to rock lever 95counterclockwise upon its pivot 99 so as to retum lever 96, thuswithdrawing bar 91 from itsv effective position.

In this manner the levers 89 are made to afford a selection of the bails93 or 94 previous to the actuation of the punch operating mechanism, andto suspend the punch operation in the following way if either a shift orunshift code of signals is received.

' Ball 93 is provided with an offset extension arm 98, while bail SE isprovided with a similar but symmetrically opposite arm extension 99.Upon the selection of either of these bails, the extension, arm 99 or 99engages a projection II of an. overslung bail I 92, rocking the bailclockwise and causing its depending arm I93 to move an underslung bailI9l out of engagement with a shoulder I95 of the punch operating armI99. This disconnection is eifectuated upon the operationof either bail'93 or 99, but is immediately restored for the subsequent operatingcycle when a succeeding code is transferred. The restoration is effectedby an arm I9l which carries a striker I98 for returning bail I92, andwhich arm I9? is carried by the transverse bail I99. A follower rollerfor actuating bail I99 is carried by arm Iii of bail I99 and travels inabox cam character signal by its presence or absence therewith. I v Inthis manner the received shift-code is converted to an impulse-shiftrecord for the purpose set forth.

It will be understood, of course, that where the 'receiving mechanism isresponsive directly to shift and unshift' codes, the aforedescribedreconversion will be unnecessary.

It will be obvious that numerous modifications and adaptations of theprinciples herein disclosed may be made without departing from thespirit or scope of the invention. It is therefore intended not to belimited to the details illustrated in the accompanying drawings nor tothe specific language in the foregoing description, but to be permitteda latitude of interpretation in accordance'with the hereinafterappended'claims.

ings of said tape reader, and means for transmitting additional signalcodes over said distributor under control of single perforations in saidtape.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1, in-

cludingmeans for storing said additional codes,

and means responsive, toboth said stored codes and said first mentionedtransmitted codes for reperforating a tape.

3=- In a telegraph transmitting apparatus, the' method of communicationwhich comprises the steps of sensing telegraph signals of a definiteunit code'in a physical recording means in which each code is compriseof a definite number of elements each element of which may have alter--native signalling characteristics, and immediately transmittingcorresponding electrical signals of a lesser unit code. 4. The methodset forth in claim 3, including the step of reconverting saidtransmitted electrical signals into a set of stored signalscorresponding to the original stored signals.

5. In a tape-controlled telegraphic communitioh system, a tape readerresponsive to signal perforations in a tape, said tape havingperforations arranged in codes and each code-having a predeterminednumber of unit elements, a signal distributor adapted to transmit signalcodes of a lesser number of unit elementsthan that of said tape, meansfor transmitting signals over said distributor under control of some ofthe concurrent readings of said tape reader, and means for transmittingfurther signals under control of the remaining readings, the totalnumber of signals. transmitted being greater than the number ofconcurrent readings.

6. In a tape-controlled telegraphic communication system, a tape readerresponsive to signal perforations in a tape, said tape havingperforations arranged in codes and each code having a predeterminednumber of unit elements, a signal distributor adapted to transmit signalcodes of a lesser number ofunit elements than that of said tape, meansfor transmitting codes of signals over said distributor under control ofthe readings of codes of perforations in said tape, and nieans includinga set of code settmg ele ments responsive to the elements of said tapecodes in excess of corresponding distributor codes for creating furthercodes to be transmitted over said distributor.

7. In atape-controlled automatic telegraphic transmitter, a distributorhead having a set of signal impulse segments, a set of sensing membersindividually responsive to alternative consponsive to alternativeconditions of said further sensing member for impressing a set ofelectrical conditions upon said set of segments.

8. In a tape-controlled telegraphic transmit-- ter, a rotary distributorhaving a set of impulse elements, a tape reader responsive toperforations in one part of a tape for associating correspondingelectrical potentials with said impulse ele-. ments, and meansforsuspending the operation of said tape reader under control of otherperforations of said tape and for supplying other electrical potentialsto said impulse elements.

'9. In a tape-controlled transmission system, a distributor, a tapesensing apparatus adapted to receive perforated tape bearing charactersignal perforations and conditioning signal perforations, a set ofcircuit closers insaid apparatusresponsive to said character signalperforations and operative with said distributor for impressingcorresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further set of circuitclosers, and means responsive to said conditioning signal perforationsand operative to arrest said tape sensing apparatus to operate saidfurther set of circuit closers to close predetermined circuitcombinations for impressing further electrical signals upon the line,and thereafter to release said tape sensing apparatus.

10. In a transmission system, the method of controlling a code-shiftreceiving mechanism at a remote station by use of an impulse-shift tapewhich includes the steps of converting the shift impulse record of eachcomplete code of the tape into a shift-code of signals, and arrestingtransmission of character signals to transmit the said shift-code ofsignals between character codes of signals.

11. A method of reducing signaling time in the transmission of signalshaving equal numbers of impulse intervals which includes the steps ofconsidering the signals as belonging to two classes, diminishing by onethe number of intervals of each signal, sending a conditioning signal tointroduce the signals of each class, and following it with all of theconsecutive signals which relate to that class.

12. The method of communication which comprises the steps of storingtelegraph signals of a definite .unit code, transmitting correspondingelectrical signals in terms of a lesser unit code, and distinguishingbetween similar signals in the two codes by independent modifyingsignals acadapted to control the transmission of shift codes one of saidset of signal elements.

16. In a record reader mechanism, a plurality of elements responsive tothe perforated conditions of a tape, a subjective mechanism cyclicallyoperated to receive a setting from said feelers,

means for advancing the tape in said record reading means whilepermitting the continued operation' of said subjective mechanism.

.17. In ar'nautomatic telegraph transmitter, a plurality of tape sensingelements, a tape advancing mechanism, means to transmit a code ofsignals in accordance with the setting of certain of said elementsbetween operations of said mechanism, and means for transmitting aplurality of 19. In a record reader for telegraphic transmittingdevices, a record feeding mechanism comprising a cyclically movingmember, means for actuating said member subsequent to each read,- ing ofthe record, and means to defer a reading of the record and actuation ofsaid member for a time period of one cycle in response to some readingsof the record.

20. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting mechanism, adistributor, tape controlled contacts, a source of current, circuitconnections from said source through said contacts to said distributor,and further contacts included in said circuit connections for varyingthe circuit connections between said source and said distributorindependently of said tape controlled contacts.

21. In a telegraphic communication system, a

tape reader responsive to signal perforations in a tape, havingperforations arranged in codes each code of which comprises apredetermined number of unit elements, a signal distributor to transmita signal code of a lesser number of unit elements than appearing in saidtape, means for transmitting a code of signals over said distributorunder control of the code perforations in said tape, and meanscontrolled by the difference between a corresponding code of saidtapejand the code of said distributor for transmitting an ad-,

ditional signal over said distributor.

22. In a perforated record-controlled automatic telegraph transmitter, adistributor, a set of character signal segments in said distributor, arecord reader including a set of character perforation feelers, a shiftimpulse perforation fe'eler, means individual to each one of saidcharacter perforation feelers for impressing a predetermined electricalpotential upon one of said segments of said distributor, and meansresponsive to the control of said shift impulse perforation feeler forimpressing a predetermined set of electrical notchof said segments insaid distials upon several tributor.

23. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitter, a distributorincluding a set of impulse elements, a set of contactors each individualto" one of said elements for controlling the association of electricalpotentials therewith in accordance with character perforations in thetape,'and a plurality of contactors for controlling the association ofelectrical potentials with the several of said elements under thecontrol of an additional perforation associated with said characterperforations.

24. In a telegraph system, a tape sensing apparatus to receiveperforated tape bearing character signal perforations and conditioningsignal perforations, a set of circuit closers in said apparatusresponsive to said character signal perforations and operative forimpressing corresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further setof circuit, closers for impressing electrical signals upon said line,means responsive to said conditioning signal perforations and operativeto arrest said tape sensing apparatus from further operating said firstmentioned set of circuit closers for impressing electrical signals uponthe line, a reperforating apparatus having a receiving distributorresponsive vto the signals transmitted over said line, a set of punchesfor installing code perforations in the tapeunder the control of saidcharacter signals, and a conditioning device responsive to said furtherelectrical signals for modifying the installed codes of perforations.

25. In a telegraph system, a tape sensing apparatus' to receiveperforated tape bearing character signal perforations and conditioningsignal perforations,a set of circuit closers in said apparatusresponsive to said character signal perforations and operative forimpressing corresponding electrical signals upon a line, a further setof circuit closers, means responsive to said conditioning signalperforations and operative to arrest said tape sensing apparatus fromfurther operating said first mentioned set of circuit closers forimpressing electrical signals upon the line, a remote station having acharacter signal responsive apparatus connected to said line, aconditioning sign al responsive device, and means under the control ofthe signal responsive device for modifying the performance of the signalresponnals in accordance with the conditions of said levers, and meansresponsive to said levers upon a change of case for inserting a signalindicative of the succeeding case.

27. In a telegraph transmitter, a case determining lever, ,signaltransmitting means, and means responsive to the operation of said casedetermining lever to cause said signal transmitting means to transmitfirst a case determining signal and then a character signal to bemodified by said case determining signal.

28. In a telegraph communication system, a start-stop transmittingdistributor, a record reader, means to operate the record readerintermittently, means to operate said distributor cyclically to transmita signal corresponding to each operation of said record reader, andmeans to operate said distributor through a plurality of cycles fortransmitting a corresponding plurality of signals in response to certainsingle operations of said record reader.

29. In a telegraph transmitter, a. plurality of signal elements, meansto adjust said elements in accordance with various signal combinations,means to transmit telegraph signals in accordance with the settings ofcertain of said elements, and additional-means to transmit a specialsignal in accordance with a changed setting of other of said elements.

, 30. Ina telegraph transmitter, a set of transmitting elements, meansto position said elements in varying permutations in accordance ofperforations in the tape, a tape feeding wheel periodically operableafter each tape reading, and means for deferring the operation of saidsensing feelers and said feed wheel for a time interval corresponding toone cycle of operation, said means being responsive to a combination oftw consecutive readings of the tape.

32. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmit ting device in which atape is perforated with combinational perforations each one of which isarranged in a row transverse of the tape, tape reading feelersforsensing periodically a plu-' rality of perforations in a tape, a feedwheel 7, periodically. operable for each tape reading, a

means for comparing two successive readings of a tape, and means fordeferring the operation of said feelers and said wheel for a timeinterval equivalent to one cycle under the control of said comparingmeans. I i

33. Ina record reader for telegraphic transmitting devices, a recordreading mechanism,

means for actuating said mechanism cyclically, and means to suspend theactuation of said mechanism fora time interval equivalent to one cycleof operation in response to certain record readings of said mechanism.

34. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting device in which thetape is perforated with combinational perforations and individual per-.-

- forations, a set of feelers for sensing periodically a plurality ofsaid combinational and individual perforations, and means for deferringthe performance of said feelers for a cyclic time interval in responseto certain readings of said individual perforations.

-35. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting device in which acontrol form is provided having combinationalperforations, tape readingmeans for sensing periodically pluralities of perforations in said form,means for comparing two successive readings of a tape, and further meansfor arresting the operation of said tape reading means for a cyclic timeinterval, said further means being responsive to said first means.

36. In a tape controlled transmitting mechanism, a distributor, a set ofdistributor transmitting contacts, a source of current potential,circuit connections from said source through said contacts to saiddistributor, further contacts included in said circuit connections formodifying the circuit paths between said source and said contacts, atape sensing apparatus, and means controlled by said apparatus forvariously actuating said further contacts.

37. In a tape controlled telegraphic transmitting apparatus, adistributor, tape controlled contacts, a tape sensing mechanism, asource of current potential, circuit connections from said sourcethrough said contacts to said distributor, additional contacts includedin said circuit connections for modifying the circuit paths between saidsource and said distributor independently of said tape controlledcontacts, and code storing mechanism for comparing control signals ofsaid tape for actuating said additional contacts. v

38. In a tape controlled'teiegraphic transmitting mechanism, a signalsending means, an auxiliary signal sending means, comparison meanscomprising first and second members, the first member controlled by atape and the second,

member controlled by the first member and in turn controlling saidauxiliary sending means,

said second member retaining any position into which it may be set bysaid first member, and said first member operating cyclically and inresponse to tape control to set said second member in accordance withtape control in any cycle.

39. A tape controlled telegraphic transmitting mechanism as described inclaim 38 in which the tape control is exercised by a shift or unshiftrecord in the tape and in which the auxiliary signal sending meanstransmits a shift or unshift code of signals.

40. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a. first pivoted leveroperable cyclically in accordance with an element of a code, a secondpivoted lever operable by said first pivoted lever, a pivot for saidfirst lever, and a pivot for said second lever, said pivots beingarranged in angular relation with each other.

41. A mechanism as described in claim 40, in which said first lever hastwo strikers and functions in three positions to present one or theother or neither of said strikers into the plane of said second lever inaccordance with the selected position of said first lever.

42. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a first means operablein accordance with an element of a code, a second means operable by saidfirst means, said first means having three positions and said secondmeans being operable by said first means in either of two of its saidthree positions.

43. In a telegraphic code controlled mechanism, a first pivoted leveroperable cyclically in accordance with an element of a code, a secondpivoted lever operable by said first pivoted lever, strikers on saidfirst lever for operating said second lever, a pivot for said firstlever, and a pivot forsaid second lever, said pivots being arranged inangular relation with each otherwhereby said strikers of said firstlever are moved into and out of the plane of said second leverin'accordance with the selective position of said first lever.

2,057,111 distributor independently of said tape controlled prises thefollowing steps: assigning a first character and a second character toeach of a plurality of character codes in a system of codes of equallength combinations of signals, each character code representing both afirst character and a second character, assigning an area of recordingtape for receiving records of character codes, assigning another area ofrecording tape for receiving further records to indicate characterclassification whereby first and second character classes areidentified, assigning a first master code of signals to indicate onlyfirst characters and assigning a second master code of signals toindicate second characters, sensing first said further record, andtransmitting in response thereto the code signals of either said firstmaster code or said second master code as indicated by the sensedfurther record, then sensing said recorded char-'- acter code andtransmitting in response thereto the corresponding code of signals.

46. A method of convertingtelegraphic intelligence from one system ofcodes to another system of codes which comprises: assigning alongitudinal area of recording tape for recording character codes,assigning a longitudinal area of the said recording tape for recordingshift and unshift codes, sensing the shift and unshift area of the tapeand transmitting a shift or unshift code of signals in accordancetherewith, then sensing the character area of the tape and transmittinga character code of signals in accordance therewith.

ligence from one system of codes to another system of codes whichcomprises: assigning a longitudinal area of a recording tape forrecording character codes, assigning a longitudinal area of the saidrecording tape for recording shift and unshift codes, sensing the shiftand unshift area of the tape, comparing the instant sensing with theimmediately preceding sensing of said shift and unshift area of thetape, and, in the event that an instant sensing is found to be diiferentfrom the immediately preceding sensing of said shift and unshift area ofthe tape, transmitting a shift or unshift code of signals in accordancetherewith, then sensing the character area of the tape and transmittinga character code of signals in accordance therewith.

48.'A method of telegraphy for converting a permutation code systemhaving a given number of constituent impulses into a permutation codesystem having a different number of constituent impulses, whichcomprises the steps of converting those impulses by which one systemdiffers from the other into complete permutation signals, andinterjecting said signals intoa message in accompaniment with theprincipal code signals to which they are associated.

49. In a telegraph transmission system, means 47. A method of convertingtelegraphic intelfor issuing telegraph signals of a code having a basicnumber of impulse intervals, means responestablishing correspondingsignals of a code hav-- ing a different basic number of impulseintervals, and means for indicating the difference between said codeswith respect to the differential intervals in terms of additionalsignals having a num- I ber of impulse intervals corresponding to saiddifferent basic'code.

50. In a telegraph system, a source of permutation telegraphsignalsconstituting various com,- binations of a basic unit code, meansresponsive to predetermined units of each signal for establishingcorresponding signals having units in the representing the numericaldifference between same order of occurrence but in a lesser basic unitcode, and means responsive to the differential units for interjecting acode combination of units indicative of a change of case. 51. The methodof signalling which comprises the steps ofpreparing a physical codestorage device with consecutively arranged signals, sens-. ing aplurality of said signals concurrently, and determining a selection bythe composite manifestations of said plurality of signals.

52. In a record reader mechanism for sensing transversely arranged rowsof perforations in a tape, means to sense some of the perforations ofone row simultaneously with some of the perforations of another row, andmeans for determining an ultimate selection by the composite attributesof said perforations.

53. In a telegraph transmittingapparatus, a tape sensing mechanismincluding a set of feelers, a signal distributor for issuing electricalpotentials in accordance with the manifestations of said feelers, meansfor correlating the operation of said feelers and said distributor intimed sequence, and means under the control of special signals to varythe time interval between said operations.

54. The method of controlling a telegraph transmitter operative on apermutation code of a lower numerical order under the supervision of acontrol tape having indicia in accordance with a permutation code of ahigher numerical order, which comprises the insertion in thetransmission of code signals of case determining signals secutive codesignals relating thereto.

10 a case determining signal with each group of con- 56. In a telegraphapparatus, a rotatable shaft,

driving means irictionally associated with said shaft, means forperforming a selective function in accordance with the angular positionof said shaft, signal controlled means for determining the angularposition of said shaft comprising an escape wheel secured to said shafthaving a plurality of escape teeth, a pallet member having alternativeengagement elements to be associated with said escape wheel, and signalcontrolled means for reciprocating said pallet member to present itselements to' said escape wheel alternatively.

5'7. In a telegraph apparatus, signal initiating means, a rotatableshaft, elements carried by said shaft for controlling said signalinitiating means, a source of power, frictional coupling means betweensaid source of power and said shaft,'and means for determining theangular position of said shaft comprising an escape wheel and a palletcooperating therewith.

LOUIS M'. PO'ITS.

